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modeling_nemotron_h.py

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+# coding=utf-8
+# Copyright 2024 HuggingFace Inc. team.
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""PyTorch NemotronH model."""
+
+import math
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+import torch
+import torch.utils.checkpoint
+from torch import nn
+from torch.nn import CrossEntropyLoss
+
+from transformers.activations import ACT2FN
+from transformers.cache_utils import DynamicCache  # we need __iter__ and __len__ of pkv
+from transformers.generation import GenerationMixin
+from transformers.modeling_attn_mask_utils import (
+    AttentionMaskConverter,
+)
+from transformers.modeling_utils import PreTrainedModel
+from transformers.utils import (
+    ModelOutput,
+    add_code_sample_docstrings,
+    add_start_docstrings,
+    add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
+    logging,
+)
+from transformers.utils.import_utils import (
+    is_causal_conv1d_available,
+    is_flash_attn_2_available,
+    is_flash_attn_greater_or_equal_2_10,
+    is_mamba_2_ssm_available,
+)
+from .configuration_nemotron_h import NemotronHConfig
+
+
+logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+# Copied from transformers.models.mamba.modeling_mamba2.modeling_mamba2.py with MAMBA2->NEMOTRONH,Mamba2->NemotronH
+# For Mamba2 components Mamba2->NemotronHMamba2
+if is_mamba_2_ssm_available():
+    from mamba_ssm.ops.triton.selective_state_update import selective_state_update
+    from mamba_ssm.ops.triton.ssd_combined import mamba_chunk_scan_combined, mamba_split_conv1d_scan_combined
+else:
+    mamba_chunk_scan_combined, mamba_split_conv1d_scan_combined, selective_state_update = None, None, None
+
+try:
+    #from mamba_ssm.ops.triton.layernorm_gated import RMSNorm as RMSNormGated
+    from mamba_ssm.ops.triton.layernorm_gated import rmsnorm_fn
+except ImportError:
+    raise ImportError("mamba-ssm is required by the Mamba model but cannot be imported")
+
+if is_causal_conv1d_available():
+    from causal_conv1d import causal_conv1d_fn, causal_conv1d_update
+else:
+    causal_conv1d_update, causal_conv1d_fn = None, None
+
+if is_flash_attn_2_available():
+    from transformers.modeling_flash_attention_utils import _flash_attention_forward
+
+is_fast_path_available = all(
+    (
+        selective_state_update,
+        mamba_chunk_scan_combined,
+        mamba_split_conv1d_scan_combined,
+        causal_conv1d_fn,
+        causal_conv1d_update,
+    )
+)
+
+
+_CHECKPOINT_FOR_DOC = "nvidia/Nemotron-H-56B-Base-8K"
+_CONFIG_FOR_DOC = "NemotronHConfig"
+
+
+# Helper methods for segment sum computation
+
+
+def pad_tensor_by_size(input_tensor: torch.Tensor, pad_size: int):
+    """
+    Padding x tensor with `pad_size` on the seq_len dim (dim=1)
+
+    Assumes that we only have tensors of either size 4 or 3
+    """
+    pad_shape = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, pad_size, 0, 0) if len(input_tensor.shape) == 4 else (0, 0, 0, pad_size, 0, 0)
+
+    return torch.nn.functional.pad(input_tensor, pad_shape, mode="constant", value=0)
+
+
+def reshape_into_chunks(input_tensor, pad_size, chunk_size):
+    """
+    Padding input_tensor with `pad_size` on the seq_len dim (dim=1) and
+    simultaneously splitting it into chunk sequences.
+
+    Assumes that we only have tensors of either size 4 or 3
+    """
+    # [bsz, seq_len, ...] -> [bsz, seq_len multiple of chunk_size, ...]
+    input_tensor = pad_tensor_by_size(input_tensor, pad_size)
+
+    if len(input_tensor.shape) == 3:
+        # [bsz, seq_len multiple of chunk_size, num_heads] -> [bsz, -1, chunk_size, num_heads]
+        return input_tensor.reshape(input_tensor.shape[0], -1, chunk_size, input_tensor.shape[2])
+    else:
+        # [bsz, seq_len multiple of chunk_size, num_heads, head_dim or state_size] -> [bsz, -1, chunk_size, num_heads, head_dim or state_size]
+        return input_tensor.reshape(
+            input_tensor.shape[0], -1, chunk_size, input_tensor.shape[2], input_tensor.shape[3]
+        )
+
+
+def segment_sum(input_tensor):
+    """
+    More stable segment sum calculation. Uses cumulative sums and masking instead of direct subtractions.
+    """
+    chunk_size = input_tensor.size(-1)
+    # 1. expand input tensor to have an additional dimension and repeat along that dimension
+    # [..., chunk_size] -> [..., chunk_size, chunk_size]
+    input_tensor = input_tensor[..., None].expand(*input_tensor.size(), chunk_size)
+    # 2. create a lower triangular mask with the diagonal set to 0 to 0 out elements above diag
+    mask = torch.tril(torch.ones(chunk_size, chunk_size, device=input_tensor.device, dtype=torch.bool), diagonal=-1)
+    input_tensor = input_tensor.masked_fill(~mask, 0)
+    # 3. compute actual cumsum
+    tensor_segsum = torch.cumsum(input_tensor, dim=-2)
+
+    # 4. apply mask to keep only the lower triangular part of the cumulative sum result (incl diagonal this time)
+    mask = torch.tril(torch.ones(chunk_size, chunk_size, device=input_tensor.device, dtype=torch.bool), diagonal=0)
+    tensor_segsum = tensor_segsum.masked_fill(~mask, -torch.inf)
+    return tensor_segsum
+
+
+def apply_mask_to_padding_states(hidden_states, attention_mask):
+    """
+    Tunes out the hidden states for padding tokens, see https://github.com/state-spaces/mamba/issues/66
+    """
+    if attention_mask is not None and attention_mask.shape[1] > 1 and attention_mask.shape[0] > 1:
+        dtype = hidden_states.dtype
+        hidden_states = (hidden_states * attention_mask[:, :, None]).to(dtype)
+
+    return hidden_states
+
+# Copied from https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/src/transformers/models/jamba/modeling_jamba.py
+class HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache(DynamicCache):
+    """
+    A dynamic cache that can handle both the attention cache (which has a seq_len dimension) and the mamba cache
+    (which has a constant shape regardless of seq_len).
+
+    This cache has two sets of lists of tensors: `key_cache` and `value_cache` for attention cache and `conv_states`
+    and `ssm_states` for mamba cache. Each of these lists has `num_layers` tensors. The expected shape for each tensor
+    For attention layers, `key_cache` and `value_cache` have a shape of `(batch_size, num_heads, seq_len, head_dim)`,
+    while `conv_states` and `ssm_states` have a shape of `(batch_size, 0)` (empty tensors).
+    For mamba layers, `key_cache` and `value_cache` have a shape of `(batch_size, 0)` (empty tensors),
+    while `conv_states` represents the convolution state and has a shape of `(batch_size, d_inner, d_conv)`,
+    and `ssm_states` represents the ssm state and has a shape of `(batch_size, d_inner, d_state)`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config, batch_size, dtype=torch.float16, device=None):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.dtype = dtype
+        self.hybrid_override_pattern = config.hybrid_override_pattern
+        self.has_previous_state = False  # only used by mamba
+        #intermediate_size = config.expand * config.hidden_size
+        intermediate_size = config.mamba_num_heads * config.mamba_head_dim
+        ssm_state_size = config.ssm_state_size
+        conv_kernel_size = config.conv_kernel
+        self.conv_states = []
+        self.ssm_states = []
+        self.transformer_layers = []
+        for i in range(config.num_hidden_layers):
+            if self.hybrid_override_pattern[i] == "M":
+                # Mamba layer
+                self.conv_states += [
+                    torch.zeros(batch_size, intermediate_size, conv_kernel_size, device=device, dtype=dtype)
+                ]
+                self.ssm_states += [
+                    torch.zeros(batch_size, intermediate_size, ssm_state_size, device=device, dtype=dtype)
+                ]
+            else:
+                # Attention or MLP layer
+                self.conv_states += [torch.tensor([[]] * batch_size, device=device)]
+                self.ssm_states += [torch.tensor([[]] * batch_size, device=device)]
+                self.transformer_layers.append(i)
+
+        self.key_cache = [torch.tensor([[]] * batch_size, device=device) for _ in range(config.num_hidden_layers)]
+        self.value_cache = [torch.tensor([[]] * batch_size, device=device) for _ in range(config.num_hidden_layers)]
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        key_states: torch.Tensor,
+        value_states: torch.Tensor,
+        layer_idx: int,
+        cache_kwargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
+        # Update the cache
+        if self.key_cache[layer_idx].shape[-1] == 0:
+            self.key_cache[layer_idx] = key_states
+            self.value_cache[layer_idx] = value_states
+        else:
+            self.key_cache[layer_idx] = torch.cat([self.key_cache[layer_idx], key_states], dim=2)
+            self.value_cache[layer_idx] = torch.cat([self.value_cache[layer_idx], value_states], dim=2)
+
+        return self.key_cache[layer_idx], self.value_cache[layer_idx]
+
+    def reorder_cache(self, beam_idx: torch.LongTensor):
+        """Reorders the cache for beam search, given the selected beam indices."""
+        for layer_idx in range(len(self.key_cache)):
+            device = self.key_cache[layer_idx].device
+            self.key_cache[layer_idx] = self.key_cache[layer_idx].index_select(0, beam_idx.to(device))
+            device = self.value_cache[layer_idx].device
+            self.value_cache[layer_idx] = self.value_cache[layer_idx].index_select(0, beam_idx.to(device))
+
+            device = self.conv_states[layer_idx].device
+            self.conv_states[layer_idx] = self.conv_states[layer_idx].index_select(0, beam_idx.to(device))
+            device = self.ssm_states[layer_idx].device
+            self.ssm_states[layer_idx] = self.ssm_states[layer_idx].index_select(0, beam_idx.to(device))
+
+    def get_seq_length(self, layer_idx: Optional[int] = 0) -> int:
+        """Returns the sequence length of the cached states. A layer index can be optionally passed."""
+        # take any layer that contains cache and not empty tensor
+        layer_idx = self.transformer_layers[0] if layer_idx not in self.transformer_layers else layer_idx
+        if len(self.key_cache) <= layer_idx:
+            return 0
+        return self.key_cache[layer_idx].shape[-2]
+
+    def to_legacy_cache(self) -> Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor], Tuple[torch.Tensor]]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache does not have a legacy cache equivalent.")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_legacy_cache(cls, past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]]] = None) -> "DynamicCache":
+        raise NotImplementedError("HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache does not have a legacy cache equivalent.")
+
+    # Copied from modeling_mamba2.py
+    def update_conv_state(
+        self, layer_idx: int, new_conv_state: torch.Tensor, cache_init: bool = False
+    ) -> torch.Tensor:
+        if cache_init:
+            self.conv_states[layer_idx] = new_conv_state.to(self.conv_states.device)
+        else:
+            self.conv_states[layer_idx] = self.conv_states[layer_idx].roll(shifts=-1, dims=-1)
+            self.conv_states[layer_idx][:, :, -1] = new_conv_state[:, 0, :].to(self.conv_states.device)
+        return self.conv_states[layer_idx]
+
+    def update_ssm_state(self, layer_idx: int, new_ssm_state: torch.Tensor):
+        self.ssm_states[layer_idx] = new_ssm_state.to(self.ssm_states.device)
+        return self.ssm_states[layer_idx]
+
+    def reset(self):
+        self.conv_states.zero_()
+        self.ssm_states.zero_()
+
+class MambaRMSNormGated(torch.nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, hidden_size, group_size, eps=1e-5):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(hidden_size))
+        self.variance_epsilon = eps
+        self.group_size = group_size
+
+    # jan28b version
+    def forward(self, hidden_states, gate=None):
+        return rmsnorm_fn(x=hidden_states,
+                          weight=self.weight,
+                          bias=None, # No bias
+                          z=gate,
+                          eps=self.variance_epsilon,
+                          group_size=self.group_size,
+                          norm_before_gate=False
+        )
+
+class NemotronHMamba2Mixer(nn.Module):
+    """
+    Compute ∆, A, B, C, and D the state space parameters and compute the `contextualized_states`.
+    A, D are input independent (see Mamba paper [1] Section 3.5.2 "Interpretation of A" for why A isn't selective)
+    ∆, B, C are input-dependent (this is a key difference between Mamba and the linear time invariant S4,
+    and is why Mamba is called **selective** state spaces)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config: NemotronHConfig, layer_idx: int):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.num_heads = config.mamba_num_heads
+        self.hidden_size = config.hidden_size
+        self.ssm_state_size = config.ssm_state_size
+        self.conv_kernel_size = config.conv_kernel
+        self.intermediate_size = config.mamba_num_heads * config.mamba_head_dim
+        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
+        self.use_conv_bias = config.use_conv_bias
+        self.activation = config.mamba_hidden_act
+        self.act = ACT2FN[config.mamba_hidden_act]
+
+        self.layer_norm_epsilon = config.layer_norm_epsilon
+
+        self.n_groups = config.n_groups
+        self.head_dim = config.mamba_head_dim
+        self.chunk_size = config.chunk_size
+
+        self.time_step_limit = config.time_step_limit
+        self.time_step_min = config.time_step_min
+        self.time_step_max = config.time_step_max
+
+        self.conv_dim = self.intermediate_size + 2 * self.n_groups * self.ssm_state_size
+        self.conv1d = nn.Conv1d(
+            in_channels=self.conv_dim,
+            out_channels=self.conv_dim,
+            bias=config.use_conv_bias,
+            kernel_size=config.conv_kernel,
+            groups=self.conv_dim,
+            padding=config.conv_kernel - 1,
+        )
+
+        # projection of the input hidden states
+        projection_size = self.intermediate_size + self.conv_dim + self.num_heads
+        self.in_proj = nn.Linear(
+            self.hidden_size,
+            projection_size,
+            bias=config.use_bias,
+        )
+        # selective projection used to make dt, B and C input dependant
+
+        # time step projection (discretization)
+        # instantiate once and copy inv_dt in init_weights of PretrainedModel
+        self.dt_bias = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(self.num_heads))
+
+        # S4D real initialization. These are not discretized!
+        # The core is to load them, compute the discrete states, then write the updated state. Keeps the memory bounded
+        A = torch.arange(1, self.num_heads + 1)
+        self.A_log = nn.Parameter(torch.log(A))
+        self.A_log._no_weight_decay = True
+        self.norm = MambaRMSNormGated(self.intermediate_size, eps=self.layer_norm_epsilon, group_size=self.intermediate_size // self.n_groups)
+        self.D = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(self.num_heads))
+        self.D._no_weight_decay = True
+
+        self.out_proj = nn.Linear(self.intermediate_size, self.hidden_size, bias=config.use_bias)
+        self.use_bias = config.use_bias
+
+        if not is_fast_path_available:
+            logger.warning_once(
+                "The fast path is not available because on of `(selective_state_update, causal_conv1d_fn, causal_conv1d_update)`"
+                " is None. Falling back to the naive implementation. To install follow https://github.com/state-spaces/mamba/#installation and"
+                " https://github.com/Dao-AILab/causal-conv1d"
+            )
+
+    def cuda_kernels_forward(
+        self,
+        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
+        cache_params: Optional[HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+    ):
+        # 1. Gated MLP's linear projection
+        hidden_states = apply_mask_to_padding_states(hidden_states, attention_mask)
+        projected_states = self.in_proj(hidden_states)
+
+        # Set up dimensions for reshapes later
+        batch_size, seq_len, _ = hidden_states.shape
+        groups_time_state_size = self.n_groups * self.ssm_state_size
+        d_mlp = (
+            projected_states.shape[-1]
+            - 2 * self.intermediate_size
+            - 2 * self.n_groups * self.ssm_state_size
+            - self.num_heads
+        ) // 2
+
+        # Single step calculations via cache
+        if cache_params is not None and cache_position is not None and cache_position[0] > 0:
+            _, _, gate, hidden_states_B_C, dt = projected_states.squeeze(1).split(
+                [d_mlp, d_mlp, self.intermediate_size, self.conv_dim, self.num_heads], dim=-1
+            )
+
+            # 2. Convolution sequence transformation
+            hidden_states_B_C = causal_conv1d_update(
+                hidden_states_B_C,
+                cache_params.conv_states[self.layer_idx],
+                self.conv1d.weight.squeeze(1),
+                self.conv1d.bias,
+                self.activation,
+            )
+
+            hidden_states, B, C = torch.split(
+                hidden_states_B_C,
+                [self.intermediate_size, groups_time_state_size, groups_time_state_size],
+                dim=-1,
+            )
+
+            # 3. SSM transformation
+            A = -torch.exp(self.A_log.float())  # (nheads,)
+            A = A[:, None, ...][:, :, None].expand(-1, self.head_dim, self.ssm_state_size).to(dtype=torch.float32)
+            dt = dt[:, :, None].expand(-1, -1, self.head_dim)
+            dt_bias = self.dt_bias[:, None, ...].expand(-1, self.head_dim)
+            D = self.D[:, None, ...].expand(-1, self.head_dim)
+            B = B.view(batch_size, self.n_groups, B.shape[1] // self.n_groups)
+            C = C.view(batch_size, self.n_groups, C.shape[1] // self.n_groups)
+            hidden_states_reshaped = hidden_states.view(batch_size, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)
+            hidden_states = selective_state_update(
+                cache_params.ssm_states[self.layer_idx],
+                hidden_states_reshaped,
+                dt,
+                A,
+                B,
+                C,
+                D,
+                z=None,
+                dt_bias=dt_bias,
+                dt_softplus=True,
+            )
+            hidden_states = hidden_states.view(batch_size, self.num_heads * self.head_dim)
+            hidden_states = self.norm(hidden_states, gate)
+
+            # 4. Final linear projection
+            out = self.out_proj(hidden_states)[:, None, ...]
+
+        # Fused calculations or step by step if no initialized cache is found
+        else:
+            A = -torch.exp(self.A_log.float())  # (num_heads) or (intermediate_size, state_size)
+            dt_limit_kwargs = {} if self.time_step_limit == (0.0, float("inf")) else {"dt_limit": self.time_step_limit}
+
+            # 2-4. Fused kernel for conv1d, SSM, and the final projection
+            if self.training and cache_params is None:
+                out = mamba_split_conv1d_scan_combined(
+                    projected_states,
+                    self.conv1d.weight.squeeze(1),
+                    self.conv1d.bias,
+                    self.dt_bias,
+                    A,
+                    D=self.D,
+                    chunk_size=self.chunk_size,
+                    seq_idx=None,  # was seq_idx
+                    activation=self.activation,
+                    rmsnorm_weight=self.norm.weight,
+                    rmsnorm_eps=self.norm.variance_epsilon,
+                    outproj_weight=self.out_proj.weight,
+                    outproj_bias=self.out_proj.bias,
+                    headdim=self.head_dim,
+                    ngroups=self.n_groups,
+                    norm_before_gate=False,
+                    return_final_states=False,
+                    **dt_limit_kwargs,
+                )
+
+            else:
+                _, _, gate, hidden_states_B_C, dt = projected_states.split(
+                    [d_mlp, d_mlp, self.intermediate_size, self.conv_dim, self.num_heads], dim=-1
+                )
+
+                # 2. Convolution sequence transformation
+                # Init cache
+                if cache_params is not None:
+                    hidden_states_B_C_transposed = hidden_states_B_C.transpose(1, 2)
+                    conv_states = nn.functional.pad(
+                        hidden_states_B_C_transposed,
+                        (cache_params.conv_kernel_size - hidden_states_B_C_transposed.shape[-1], 0),
+                    )
+                    cache_params.update_conv_state(
+                        layer_idx=self.layer_idx, new_conv_state=conv_states, cache_init=True
+                    )
+
+                if self.activation not in ["silu", "swish"]:
+                    hidden_states_B_C = self.act(
+                        self.conv1d(hidden_states_B_C.transpose(1, 2))[..., :seq_len].transpose(1, 2)
+                    )
+                else:
+                    hidden_states_B_C = causal_conv1d_fn(
+                        x=hidden_states_B_C.transpose(1, 2),
+                        weight=self.conv1d.weight.squeeze(1),
+                        bias=self.conv1d.bias,
+                        activation=self.activation,
+                    ).transpose(1, 2)
+                hidden_states_B_C = apply_mask_to_padding_states(hidden_states_B_C, attention_mask)
+                hidden_states, B, C = torch.split(
+                    hidden_states_B_C,
+                    [self.intermediate_size, groups_time_state_size, groups_time_state_size],
+                    dim=-1,
+                )
+
+                # 3. SSM transformation
+                scan_output, ssm_state = mamba_chunk_scan_combined(
+                    hidden_states.view(batch_size, seq_len, -1, self.head_dim),
+                    dt,
+                    A,
+                    B.view(batch_size, seq_len, self.n_groups, -1),
+                    C.view(batch_size, seq_len, self.n_groups, -1),
+                    chunk_size=self.chunk_size,
+                    D=self.D,
+                    z=None,
+                    seq_idx=None,
+                    return_final_states=True,
+                    dt_bias=self.dt_bias,
+                    dt_softplus=True,
+                    **dt_limit_kwargs,
+                )
+
+                # Init cache
+                if ssm_state is not None and cache_params is not None:
+                    cache_params.update_ssm_state(layer_idx=self.layer_idx, new_ssm_state=ssm_state)
+
+                scan_output = scan_output.view(batch_size, seq_len, -1)
+
+                # Multiply "gate" branch and apply extra normalization layer
+                scan_output = self.norm(scan_output, gate)
+
+                # 4. Final linear projection
+                out = self.out_proj(scan_output)
+        return out
+
+    # fmt: off
+    def torch_forward(self, input_states, cache_params: Optional[HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache]=None, cache_position:Optional[torch.LongTensor]=None, attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor]=None):
+        batch_size, seq_len, _ = input_states.shape
+        dtype = input_states.dtype
+
+        # 1. Gated MLP's linear projection
+        input_states = apply_mask_to_padding_states(input_states, attention_mask)
+        projected_states = self.in_proj(input_states)
+        d_mlp = (projected_states.shape[-1] - 2 * self.intermediate_size - 2 * self.n_groups * self.ssm_state_size-self.num_heads) // 2
+        _, _, gate, hidden_states_B_C, dt = projected_states.split(
+                [d_mlp, d_mlp, self.intermediate_size,  self.conv_dim, self.num_heads], dim=-1
+        )
+
+        # 2. Convolution sequence transformation
+        if cache_params is not None and cache_position is not None and cache_position[0] > 0:
+            cache_params.update_conv_state(layer_idx=self.layer_idx, new_conv_state=hidden_states_B_C, cache_init=False)
+
+            # We need to guarantee that anything regarding the cache is on the same device
+            conv_states = cache_params.conv_states[self.layer_idx].to(device=self.conv1d.weight.device)
+
+            hidden_states_B_C = torch.sum(
+                conv_states * self.conv1d.weight.squeeze(1), dim=-1
+            )
+            if self.use_conv_bias:
+                hidden_states_B_C = hidden_states_B_C + self.conv1d.bias
+            hidden_states_B_C = self.act(hidden_states_B_C)
+        else:
+            # Init cache
+            if cache_params is not None:
+                hidden_states_B_C_transposed = hidden_states_B_C.transpose(1, 2)
+                conv_states = nn.functional.pad(
+                    hidden_states_B_C_transposed, (cache_params.conv_kernel_size - hidden_states_B_C_transposed.shape[-1], 0)
+                )
+                cache_params.update_conv_state(layer_idx=self.layer_idx, new_conv_state=conv_states, cache_init=True)
+
+            hidden_states_B_C = self.act(self.conv1d(hidden_states_B_C.transpose(1, 2))[..., :seq_len].transpose(1, 2))
+
+        hidden_states_B_C = apply_mask_to_padding_states(hidden_states_B_C, attention_mask)
+        hidden_states, B, C = torch.split(
+            hidden_states_B_C,
+            [self.intermediate_size, self.n_groups * self.ssm_state_size, self.n_groups * self.ssm_state_size],
+            dim=-1
+        )
+
+        # 3. SSM transformation
+        A = -torch.exp(self.A_log.float())                            # [num_heads]
+        if cache_params is not None and cache_position is not None and cache_position[0] > 0:
+            # We need to guarantee that anything regarding the cache is on the same device
+            cache_device = cache_params.ssm_states.device
+
+            # Note: there is no need to pad parameter matrices here, as there is just one new token
+            # for batched generation
+            dt = dt[:, 0, :][:, None, ...]
+            dt = dt.transpose(1, 2).expand(batch_size, dt.shape[-1], self.head_dim)
+            # [num_heads] -> [num_heads, head_dim]
+            dt_bias = self.dt_bias[..., None].expand(self.dt_bias.shape[0], self.head_dim)
+
+            dt = torch.nn.functional.softplus(dt + dt_bias.to(dt.dtype))
+            dt = torch.clamp(dt, self.time_step_limit[0], self.time_step_limit[1])
+            A = A[..., None, None].expand(self.num_heads, self.head_dim, self.ssm_state_size).to(dtype=torch.float32)
+            # [bsz, num_heads, head_dim, state_size]
+            dA = (torch.exp(dt[..., None] * A)).to(device=cache_device)
+
+            # Discretize B
+            # [bsz, n_groups * state_size] -> [bsz, n_groups, 1, state_size] ->
+            # -> [bsz, n_groups, group to head repetition factor, state_size] -> [bsz, num_heads, state_size]
+            B = B.reshape(batch_size, self.n_groups, -1)[..., None, :]
+            B = B.expand(batch_size, self.n_groups, self.num_heads // self.n_groups, B.shape[-1]).contiguous()
+            B = B.reshape(batch_size, -1, B.shape[-1])
+            # [bsz, num_heads, head_dim, state_size]
+            dB = dt[..., None] * B[..., None, :]
+
+            # Discretize x into dB
+            # [bsz, intermediate_size] -> [bsz, num_heads, head_dim]
+            hidden_states = hidden_states.reshape(batch_size, -1, self.head_dim)
+            dBx = (dB * hidden_states[..., None]).to(device=cache_device)
+
+            # State calculation
+            cache_params.update_ssm_state(
+                layer_idx=self.layer_idx,
+                new_ssm_state=cache_params.ssm_states[self.layer_idx] * dA + dBx
+            )
+
+            # Subsequent output
+            # [bsz, n_groups * state_size] -> [bsz, num_heads, state_size]
+            C = C.reshape(batch_size, self.n_groups, -1)[..., None, :]
+            C = C.expand(batch_size, self.n_groups, self.num_heads // self.n_groups, C.shape[-1]).contiguous()
+            C = C.reshape(batch_size, -1, C.shape[-1])
+            # [bsz, num_heads, head_dim]
+
+            ssm_states = cache_params.ssm_states[self.layer_idx].to(device=C.device, dtype=C.dtype)  # Shape: [b, h, d, n]
+            # Reshape ssm_states to merge the first two dimensions
+            ssm_states_reshaped = ssm_states.view(batch_size * self.num_heads, self.head_dim, self.ssm_state_size)  # Shape: [b*h, d, n]
+            C_reshaped = C.view(batch_size * self.num_heads, self.ssm_state_size, 1)  # Shape: [b*h, n, 1]
+            y = torch.bmm(ssm_states_reshaped, C_reshaped)
+            y = y.view(batch_size, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)
+
+            # D skip connection
+            # [num_heads] -> [num_heads, head_dim]
+            D = self.D[..., None].expand(self.D.shape[0], self.head_dim)
+            y = (y + hidden_states * D).to(y.dtype)
+
+            # [bsz, num_heads, head_dim] -> [bsz, 1, intermediate_size]
+            y = y.reshape(batch_size, -1)[:, None, ...]
+        else:
+            # begin ssd naive implementation without einsums
+            dt = nn.functional.softplus(dt + self.dt_bias)
+            dt = torch.clamp(dt, self.time_step_limit[0], self.time_step_limit[1])
+            hidden_states = hidden_states.reshape(batch_size, seq_len, -1, self.head_dim).float()
+            B = B.reshape(batch_size, seq_len, -1, self.ssm_state_size).float()
+            C = C.reshape(batch_size, seq_len, -1, self.ssm_state_size).float()
+            B = B.repeat(1, 1, self.num_heads // self.n_groups, 1)
+            C = C.repeat(1, 1, self.num_heads // self.n_groups, 1)
+            pad_size = (self.chunk_size - seq_len % self.chunk_size) % self.chunk_size
+
+            D_residual = self.D[..., None] * pad_tensor_by_size(hidden_states, pad_size)
+
+            # Discretize x and A
+            hidden_states = hidden_states * dt[..., None]
+            A = A.to(hidden_states.dtype) * dt
+
+            # Rearrange into blocks/chunks
+            hidden_states, A, B, C = [reshape_into_chunks(t, pad_size, self.chunk_size) for t in (hidden_states, A, B, C)]
+
+            # [bsz, -1, chunk_size, num_heads] -> [bsz, num_heads, -1, chunk_size]
+            A = A.permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
+            A_cumsum = torch.cumsum(A, dim=-1)
+
+            # 1. Compute the output for each intra-chunk (diagonal blocks)
+            # This is the analog of a causal mask
+            L = torch.exp(segment_sum(A))
+
+            # Contraction of C and B to get G (attention-weights like)
+            G_intermediate = C[:, :, :, None, :, :] * B[:, :, None, :, :, :]  # shape: (b, c, l, s, h, n)
+            G = G_intermediate.sum(dim=-1)  # shape: (b, c, l, s, h)
+
+            # Compute M, equivalent to applying attention mask to weights
+            M_intermediate = G[..., None] * L.permute(0, 2, 3, 4, 1)[..., None]
+            M = M_intermediate.sum(dim=-1)
+
+            # Compute Y_diag (apply to values)
+            Y_diag = (M[..., None] * hidden_states[:, :, None]).sum(dim=3)
+
+            # 2. Compute the state for each intra-chunk
+            # (right term of low-rank factorization of off-diagonal blocks; B terms)
+            decay_states = torch.exp((A_cumsum[:, :, :, -1:] - A_cumsum))
+            B_decay = B * decay_states.permute(0, -2, -1, 1)[..., None]
+            states = (B_decay[..., None, :] * hidden_states[..., None]).sum(dim=2)
+
+            # 3. Compute the inter-chunk SSM recurrence; produces correct SSM states at chunk boundaries
+            # (middle term of factorization of off-diag blocks; A terms)
+            if cache_params is not None and cache_position is not None and cache_position[0] > 0:
+                previous_states = cache_params.ssm_states[self.layer_idx][:, None, ...].to(device=states.device)
+            else:
+                previous_states = torch.zeros_like(states[:, :1])
+            states = torch.cat([previous_states, states], dim=1)
+            decay_chunk = torch.exp(segment_sum(nn.functional.pad(A_cumsum[:, :, :, -1], (1, 0))))
+            decay_chunk = decay_chunk.transpose(1, 3)
+            new_states = (decay_chunk[..., None, None] * states[:, :, None, ...]).sum(dim=1)
+            states, ssm_state = new_states[:, :-1], new_states[:, -1]
+
+            # 4. Compute state -> output conversion per chunk
+            # (left term of low-rank factorization of off-diagonal blocks; C terms)
+            state_decay_out = torch.exp(A_cumsum)
+            C_times_states = (C[..., None, :] * states[:, :, None, ...])
+            state_decay_out_permuted = state_decay_out.permute(0, 2, 3, 1)
+            Y_off = (C_times_states.sum(-1) * state_decay_out_permuted[..., None])
+
+            # Add output of intra-chunk and inter-chunk terms (diagonal and off-diagonal blocks)
+            y = Y_diag + Y_off
+            # [bsz, -1, self.chunk_size, num_heads, head_dim] -> [bsz, (padded) seq_len, num_heads, head_dim]
+            y = y.reshape(batch_size, -1, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)
+
+            y = y + D_residual
+            # Cutting off padded chunks
+            if pad_size > 0:
+                y = y[:, :seq_len, :, :]
+            y = y.reshape(batch_size, seq_len, -1)
+
+            # Init cache
+            if ssm_state is not None and cache_params is not None:
+                cache_params.update_ssm_state(layer_idx=self.layer_idx, new_ssm_state=ssm_state)
+
+        scan_output = self.norm(y, gate)
+
+        # end ssd naive
+
+        # 4. Final linear projection
+        contextualized_states = self.out_proj(scan_output.to(dtype))  # [batch, seq_len, hidden_size]
+        return contextualized_states
+    # fmt: on
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        hidden_states,
+        cache_params: Optional[HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+    ):
+        if is_fast_path_available and "cuda" in self.in_proj.weight.device.type:
+            return self.cuda_kernels_forward(hidden_states, cache_params, cache_position, attention_mask)
+        dtype = hidden_states.dtype
+        if attention_mask is not None and attention_mask.shape[1] > 1 and attention_mask.shape[0] > 1:
+            # tune out hidden states for pad tokens, see https://github.com/state-spaces/mamba/issues/66
+            hidden_states = (hidden_states * attention_mask[:, :, None]).to(dtype)
+
+        return self.torch_forward(hidden_states, cache_params, cache_position, attention_mask)
+
+
+class NemotronHRMSNorm(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, hidden_size, eps=1e-6):
+        """
+        NemotronHRMSNorm is equivalent to T5LayerNorm and LlamaRMSNorm
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(hidden_size))
+        self.variance_epsilon = eps
+
+    def forward(self, hidden_states):
+        input_dtype = hidden_states.dtype
+        hidden_states = hidden_states.to(torch.float32)
+        variance = hidden_states.pow(2).mean(-1, keepdim=True)
+        hidden_states = hidden_states * torch.rsqrt(variance + self.variance_epsilon)
+        # Weights are in float32
+        return (self.weight.to(torch.float32) * hidden_states).to(input_dtype)
+
+class NemotronHBlock(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, config, layer_idx):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.config = config
+        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
+        self.residual_in_fp32 = config.residual_in_fp32
+        self.norm = NemotronHRMSNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
+
+        # M: Mamba2, *: Attention, -: MLP
+        self.block_type = config.layers_block_type[layer_idx]
+        if self.block_type == "mamba":
+            self.mixer = NemotronHMamba2Mixer(config, layer_idx=layer_idx)
+        elif self.block_type == "attention":
+            self.mixer = NEMOTRONH_ATTENTION_CLASSES[config._attn_implementation](config, layer_idx=layer_idx)
+        elif self.block_type == "mlp":
+            self.mixer = NemotronHMLP(config, layer_idx=layer_idx)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid layer pattern {config.hybrid_override_pattern[layer_idx]}")
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        hidden_states,
+        cache_params: Optional[HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+    ):
+        with torch.cuda.stream(torch.cuda.default_stream(hidden_states.device)):
+            # * Use torch.cuda.stream() to avoid NaN issues when using multiple GPUs
+            residual = hidden_states
+            hidden_states = self.norm(hidden_states.to(dtype=self.norm.weight.dtype))
+            if self.residual_in_fp32:
+                residual = residual.to(torch.float32)
+
+            if self.block_type == "mamba":
+                hidden_states = self.mixer(
+                    hidden_states, cache_params=cache_params, cache_position=cache_position
+                )
+            elif self.block_type == "attention":
+                hidden_states = self.mixer(
+                    hidden_states, cache_position=cache_position
+                )
+                hidden_states = hidden_states[0]
+            elif self.block_type == "mlp":
+                hidden_states = self.mixer(
+                    hidden_states
+                )
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Invalid block_type: {self.block_type}")
+
+            hidden_states = residual + hidden_states
+            return hidden_states
+
+
+# Copied from transformers.models.nemotron.modeling_nemotron Nemotron->NemotronH
+class NemotronHMLP(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, config, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.config = config
+        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
+        if layer_idx is None:
+            logger.warning_once(
+                f"Instantiating {self.__class__.__name__} without passing a `layer_idx` is not recommended and will "
+                "lead to errors during the forward call if caching is used. Please make sure to provide a `layer_idx` "
+                "when creating this class."
+            )
+        self.hidden_size = config.hidden_size
+        #intermediate_size = config.expand * config.hidden_size
+        self.intermediate_size = config.intermediate_size
+        self.up_proj = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.intermediate_size, bias=config.mlp_bias)
+        self.down_proj = nn.Linear(self.intermediate_size, self.hidden_size, bias=config.mlp_bias)
+        self.act_fn = ACT2FN[config.mlp_hidden_act]
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        return self.down_proj(self.act_fn(self.up_proj(x)))
+
+
+# Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.repeat_kv
+def repeat_kv(hidden_states: torch.Tensor, n_rep: int) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """
+    This is the equivalent of torch.repeat_interleave(x, dim=1, repeats=n_rep). The hidden states go from (batch,
+    num_key_value_heads, seqlen, head_dim) to (batch, num_attention_heads, seqlen, head_dim)
+    """
+    batch, num_key_value_heads, slen, head_dim = hidden_states.shape
+    if n_rep == 1:
+        return hidden_states
+    hidden_states = hidden_states[:, :, None, :, :].expand(batch, num_key_value_heads, n_rep, slen, head_dim)
+    return hidden_states.reshape(batch, num_key_value_heads * n_rep, slen, head_dim)
+
+
+class NemotronHAttention(nn.Module):
+    """Multi-headed attention from 'Attention Is All You Need' paper"""
+
+    def __init__(self, config: NemotronHConfig, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.config = config
+        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
+        if layer_idx is None:
+            logger.warning_once(
+                f"Instantiating {self.__class__.__name__} without passing a `layer_idx` is not recommended and will "
+                "lead to errors during the forward call if caching is used. Please make sure to provide a `layer_idx` "
+                "when creating this class."
+            )
+
+        self.attention_dropout = config.attention_dropout
+        self.hidden_size = config.hidden_size
+        self.num_heads = config.num_attention_heads
+        if config.head_dim is not None:
+            self.head_dim = config.head_dim
+        else:
+            self.head_dim = config.hidden_size // config.num_attention_heads
+        self.num_key_value_heads = config.num_key_value_heads
+        self.num_key_value_groups = self.num_heads // self.num_key_value_heads
+        self.max_position_embeddings = config.max_position_embeddings
+        self.is_causal = True
+
+        self.q_proj = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.num_heads * self.head_dim, bias=config.attention_bias)
+        self.k_proj = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.num_key_value_heads * self.head_dim, bias=config.attention_bias)
+        self.v_proj = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.num_key_value_heads * self.head_dim, bias=config.attention_bias)
+        self.o_proj = nn.Linear(self.head_dim * self.num_heads, self.hidden_size, bias=config.attention_bias)
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
+        # position_embeddings: Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], #TODO
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        past_key_value: Optional[HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache] = None,
+        output_attentions: bool = False,
+        use_cache: bool = False,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]]:
+        bsz, q_len, _ = hidden_states.size()
+
+        query_states = self.q_proj(hidden_states)
+        key_states = self.k_proj(hidden_states)
+        value_states = self.v_proj(hidden_states)
+
+        query_states = query_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+        key_states = key_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+        value_states = value_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+
+        if past_key_value is not None:
+            key_states, value_states = past_key_value.update(key_states, value_states, self.layer_idx)
+
+        key_states = repeat_kv(key_states, self.num_key_value_groups)
+        value_states = repeat_kv(value_states, self.num_key_value_groups)
+
+        causal_mask = attention_mask
+        if attention_mask is not None:  # no matter the length, we just slice it
+            causal_mask = attention_mask[:, :, :, : key_states.shape[-2]]
+
+        if query_states.device.type == "cuda" and attention_mask is not None:
+            query_states = query_states.contiguous()
+            key_states = key_states.contiguous()
+            value_states = value_states.contiguous()
+
+        is_causal = True if causal_mask is None and q_len > 1 else False
+
+        attn_output = torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention(
+            query_states,
+            key_states,
+            value_states,
+            attn_mask=causal_mask,
+            dropout_p=self.attention_dropout if self.training else 0.0,
+            is_causal=is_causal,
+        )
+        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
+        #attn_output = attn_output.view(bsz, q_len, self.hidden_size)
+        attn_output = attn_output.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_heads * self.head_dim)
+
+        attn_output = self.o_proj(attn_output)
+
+        return attn_output, None, past_key_value
+
+
+# Adapted from transformers.models.mistral.modeling_mistral.MistralFlashAttention2 with Mistral->Jamba
+#class JambaFlashAttention2(JambaAttention):
+class NemotronHFlashAttention2(NemotronHAttention):
+    """
+    Jamba flash attention module. This module inherits from `JambaAttention` as the weights of the module stays
+    untouched. The only required change would be on the forward pass where it needs to correctly call the public API of
+    flash attention and deal with padding tokens in case the input contains any of them.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # TODO: Should be removed once Flash Attention for RoCm is bumped to 2.1.
+        # flash_attn<2.1 generates top-left aligned causal mask, while what is needed here is bottom-right alignement, that was made default for flash_attn>=2.1. This attribute is used to handle this difference. Reference: https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention/releases/tag/v2.1.0.
+        # Beware that with flash_attn<2.1, using q_seqlen != k_seqlen (except for the case q_seqlen == 1) produces a wrong mask (top-left).
+        self._flash_attn_uses_top_left_mask = not is_flash_attn_greater_or_equal_2_10()
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        past_key_value: Optional[HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache] = None,
+        output_attentions: bool = False,
+        use_cache: bool = False,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        bsz, q_len, _ = hidden_states.size()
+
+        query_states = self.q_proj(hidden_states)
+        key_states = self.k_proj(hidden_states)
+        value_states = self.v_proj(hidden_states)
+
+        # Flash attention requires the input to have the shape
+        # batch_size x seq_length x head_dim x hidden_dim
+        # therefore we just need to keep the original shape
+        query_states = query_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)
+        key_states = key_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+        value_states = value_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+
+        if past_key_value is not None:
+            key_states, value_states = past_key_value.update(key_states, value_states, self.layer_idx)
+
+        # repeat k/v heads if n_kv_heads < n_heads
+        key_states = repeat_kv(key_states, self.num_key_value_groups)
+        value_states = repeat_kv(value_states, self.num_key_value_groups)
+        dropout_rate = 0.0 if not self.training else self.attention_dropout
+
+        # In PEFT, usually we cast the layer norms in float32 for training stability reasons
+        # therefore the input hidden states gets silently casted in float32. Hence, we need
+        # cast them back in float16 just to be sure everything works as expected.
+        input_dtype = query_states.dtype
+        if input_dtype == torch.float32:
+            if torch.is_autocast_enabled():
+                target_dtype = torch.get_autocast_gpu_dtype()
+            # Handle the case where the model is quantized
+            elif hasattr(self.config, "_pre_quantization_dtype"):
+                target_dtype = self.config._pre_quantization_dtype
+            else:
+                target_dtype = self.q_proj.weight.dtype
+
+            logger.warning_once(
+                f"The input hidden states seems to be silently casted in float32, this might be related to"
+                f" the fact you have upcasted embedding or layer norm layers in float32. We will cast back the input in"
+                f" {target_dtype}."
+            )
+
+            query_states = query_states.to(target_dtype)
+            key_states = key_states.to(target_dtype)
+            value_states = value_states.to(target_dtype)
+
+        # Reashape to the expected shape for Flash Attention
+        key_states = key_states.transpose(1, 2)
+        value_states = value_states.transpose(1, 2)
+
+        attn_output = _flash_attention_forward(
+            query_states,
+            key_states,
+            value_states,
+            attention_mask,
+            q_len,
+            dropout=dropout_rate,
+            sliding_window=getattr(self.config, "sliding_window", None),
+            is_causal=self.is_causal,
+            use_top_left_mask=self._flash_attn_uses_top_left_mask,
+        )
+
+        #attn_output = attn_output.reshape(bsz, q_len, self.hidden_size).contiguous()
+        attn_output = attn_output.reshape(bsz, q_len, self.num_heads * self.head_dim).contiguous()
+        attn_output = self.o_proj(attn_output)
+
+        if not output_attentions:
+            attn_weights = None
+
+        return attn_output, attn_weights, past_key_value
+
+
+# Adapted from transformers.models.mistral.modeling_mistral.MistralSdpaAttention with Mistral->Jamba
+#class JambaSdpaAttention(JambaAttention):
+class NemotronHSdpaAttention(NemotronHAttention):
+    """
+    Jamba attention module using torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention. This module inherits from
+    `JambaAttention` as the weights of the module stays untouched. The only changes are on the forward pass to adapt to
+    SDPA API.
+    """
+
+    # Adapted from NemotronHAttention.forward
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        past_key_value: Optional[HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache] = None,
+        output_attentions: bool = False,
+        use_cache: bool = False,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]]:
+        if output_attentions:
+            # TODO: Improve this warning with e.g. `model.config.attn_implementation = "manual"` once this is implemented.
+            logger.warning_once(
+                "NemotronHModel is using NemotronHSdpaAttention, but `torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention` does not support `output_attentions=True`. Falling back to the manual attention implementation, "
+                'but specifying the manual implementation will be required from Transformers version v5.0.0 onwards. This warning can be removed using the argument `attn_implementation="eager"` when loading the model.'
+            )
+            return super().forward(
+                hidden_states=hidden_states,
+                attention_mask=attention_mask,
+                position_ids=position_ids,
+                past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                use_cache=use_cache,
+            )
+
+        bsz, q_len, _ = hidden_states.size()
+
+        query_states = self.q_proj(hidden_states)
+        key_states = self.k_proj(hidden_states)
+        value_states = self.v_proj(hidden_states)
+
+        query_states = query_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+        key_states = key_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+        value_states = value_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+
+        if past_key_value is not None:
+            key_states, value_states = past_key_value.update(key_states, value_states, self.layer_idx)
+
+        key_states = repeat_kv(key_states, self.num_key_value_groups)
+        value_states = repeat_kv(value_states, self.num_key_value_groups)
+
+        causal_mask = attention_mask
+        if attention_mask is not None:
+            causal_mask = causal_mask[:, :, :, : key_states.shape[-2]]
+
+        # SDPA with memory-efficient backend is currently (torch==2.1.2) bugged with non-contiguous inputs with custom attn_mask,
+        # Reference: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/112577.
+        if query_states.device.type == "cuda" and attention_mask is not None:
+            query_states = query_states.contiguous()
+            key_states = key_states.contiguous()
+            value_states = value_states.contiguous()
+
+        # We dispatch to SDPA's Flash Attention or Efficient kernels via this `is_causal` if statement instead of an inline conditional assignment
+        # in SDPA to support both torch.compile's dynamic shapes and full graph options. An inline conditional prevents dynamic shapes from compiling.
+        # The q_len > 1 is necessary to match with AttentionMaskConverter.to_causal_4d that does not create a causal mask in case q_len == 1.
+        is_causal = True if self.is_causal and causal_mask is None and q_len > 1 else False
+
+        attn_output = torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention(
+            query_states,
+            key_states,
+            value_states,
+            attn_mask=causal_mask,
+            dropout_p=self.attention_dropout if self.training else 0.0,
+            is_causal=is_causal,
+        )
+
+        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
+        attn_output = attn_output.view(bsz, q_len, self.hidden_size)
+
+        attn_output = self.o_proj(attn_output)
+
+        return attn_output, None, past_key_value
+
+
+NEMOTRONH_ATTENTION_CLASSES = {
+    "eager": NemotronHAttention,
+    "flash_attention_2": NemotronHFlashAttention2,
+    "sdpa": NemotronHSdpaAttention,
+}
+
+# Copied from transformers.models.mamba.modeling_mamba2.Mamba2PreTrainedModel
+class NemotronHPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
+    """
+    An abstract class to handle weights initialization and a simple interface for downloading and loading pretrained
+    models.
+    """
+
+    config_class = NemotronHConfig
+    base_model_prefix = "backbone"
+    _no_split_modules = ["NemotronHBlock"]
+    supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
+    _is_stateful = True
+    _supports_flash_attn_2 = True
+
+    def _init_weights(self, module):
+        """Initialize the weights."""
+        if isinstance(module, NemotronHMamba2Mixer):
+            module.A_log._no_weight_decay = True
+            module.D._no_weight_decay = True
+
+            dt = torch.exp(
+                torch.rand(self.config.mamba_num_heads)
+                * (math.log(self.config.time_step_max) - math.log(self.config.time_step_min))
+                + math.log(self.config.time_step_min)
+            ).clamp(min=self.config.time_step_floor)
+
+            # # Inverse of softplus: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/72759
+            inv_dt = dt + torch.log(-torch.expm1(-dt))
+            with torch.no_grad():
+                module.dt_bias.copy_(inv_dt)
+            module.dt_bias._no_reinit = True
+
+        if isinstance(module, nn.Linear):
+            if module.bias is not None:
+                if not getattr(module.bias, "_no_reinit", False):
+                    nn.init.zeros_(module.bias)
+        elif isinstance(module, nn.Embedding):
+            nn.init.normal_(module.weight, std=self.config.initializer_range)
+
+        # TODO: Check
+        if self.config.rescale_prenorm_residual:
+            # Reinitialize selected weights subject to the OpenAI GPT-2 Paper Scheme:
+            #   > A modified initialization which accounts for the accumulation on the residual path with model depth. Scale
+            #   > the weights of residual layers at initialization by a factor of 1/√N where N is the # of residual layers.
+            #   >   -- GPT-2 :: https://openai.com/blog/better-language-models/
+            #
+            # Reference (Megatron-LM): https://github.com/NVIDIA/Megatron-LM/blob/main/megatron/model/gpt_model.py
+            for name, p in module.named_parameters():
+                if name in ["out_proj.weight"]:
+                    # Special Scaled Initialization --> There are 2 Layer Norms per Transformer Block
+                    # Following Pytorch init, except scale by 1/sqrt(2 * n_layer)
+                    # We need to reinit p since this code could be called multiple times
+                    # Having just p *= scale would repeatedly scale it down
+                    nn.init.kaiming_uniform_(p, a=math.sqrt(5))
+                    with torch.no_grad():
+                        p /= math.sqrt(self.config.num_hidden_layers)
+
+
+@dataclass
+# Copied from transformers.models.mamba.modeling_mamba2.Mamba2Output with MAMBA2->NemotronH,Mamba2->NemotronH
+class NemotronHOutput(ModelOutput):
+    """
+    Class for the NemotronH model outputs.
+
+    Args:
+        last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`):
+            Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.
+        cache_params (`HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache`):
+            The state of the model at the last time step. Can be used in a forward method with the next `input_ids` to
+            avoid providing the old `input_ids`.
+
+            Includes both the State space model state matrices after the selective scan, and the Convolutional states
+        hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`):
+            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, +
+            one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.
+
+            Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
+    """
+
+    last_hidden_state: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
+    cache_params: Optional[HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache] = None
+    hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
+    attentions: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
+
+
+@dataclass
+# Copied from transformers.models.mamba2.modeling_mamba2.MambaCausalLMOutput with Mamba2->NemotronH
+class NemotronHCausalLMOutput(ModelOutput):
+    """
+    Base class for causal language model (or autoregressive) outputs.
+
+    Args:
+        loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, *optional*, returned when `labels` is provided):
+            Language modeling loss (for next-token prediction).
+        logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`):
+            Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).
+        cache_params (`HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache`):
+            The state of the model at the last time step. Can be used in a forward method with the next `input_ids` to
+            avoid providing the old `input_ids`.
+
+            Includes both the State space model state matrices after the selective scan, and the Convolutional states
+        hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`):
+            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, +
+            one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.
+
+            Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
+    """
+
+    loss: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
+    logits: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
+    cache_params: Optional[HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache] = None
+    hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
+    attentions: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
+
+
+NEMOTRONH_START_DOCSTRING = r"""
+
+    This model inherits from [`PreTrainedModel`]. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the
+    library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads
+    etc.)
+
+    This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass.
+    Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage
+    and behavior.
+
+    Parameters:
+        config ([`NemotronHConfig`]): Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model.
+            Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the
+            configuration. Check out the [`~PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained`] method to load the model weights.
+"""
+
+NEMOTRONH_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
+    Args:
+        input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, input_ids_length)`, *optional*):
+            Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.
+
+            If `cache_params.seqlen_offset>0`, only `input_ids` that do not have their past calculated should be passed as
+            `input_ids`.
+
+            Indices can be obtained using [`AutoTokenizer`]. See [`PreTrainedTokenizer.encode`] and
+            [`PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__`] for details.
+
+            [What are input IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)
+        inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
+            Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This
+            is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the
+            model's internal embedding lookup matrix.
+        position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
+            Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings.
+        cache_params (`HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache`, *optional*):
+            If passed along, the model uses the previous state in all the blocks (which will give the output for the
+            `input_ids` provided as if the model add `state_input_ids + input_ids` as context).
+        use_cache (`bool`, *optional*):
+            If set to `True`, the `cache_params` is returned and can be used to quickly generate the next logits.
+        output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
+            Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers.
+        output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
+            Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for
+            more detail.
+        return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
+            Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
+        cache_position (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
+            The position of the current input in the cache. This is used to ensure that the cache is correctly updated.
+            If `cache_params` is passed, `cache_position` should also be passed.
+        attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
+            Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
+
+            - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
+            - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.
+
+            [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
+"""
+
+
+@add_start_docstrings(
+    "The bare NemotronH Model transformer outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.",
+    NEMOTRONH_START_DOCSTRING,
+)
+class NemotronHModel(NemotronHPreTrainedModel):
+    def __init__(self, config):
+        super().__init__(config)
+
+        self.embeddings = nn.Embedding(config.vocab_size, config.hidden_size)
+        self.layers = nn.ModuleList([NemotronHBlock(config, layer_idx=idx) for idx in range(config.num_hidden_layers)])
+
+        self.gradient_checkpointing = False
+        self.norm_f = NemotronHRMSNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
+        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
+        self._register_load_state_dict_pre_hook(self.load_hook)
+        self.post_init()
+
+    def load_hook(self, state_dict, prefix, *args):
+        for k in state_dict:
+            if "embedding." in k:
+                state_dict[k.replace("embedding.", "embeddings.")] = state_dict.pop(k)
+                break
+
+    def get_input_embeddings(self):
+        return self.embeddings
+
+    def set_input_embeddings(self, new_embeddings):
+        self.embeddings = new_embeddings
+
+    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(NEMOTRONH_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
+    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
+        checkpoint=_CHECKPOINT_FOR_DOC,
+        output_type=NemotronHOutput,
+        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
+    )
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        cache_params: Optional[HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache] = None,
+        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
+        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
+        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
+        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> Union[Tuple, NemotronHOutput]:
+        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
+        output_hidden_states = (
+            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
+        )
+        # use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else self.config.use_cache
+        use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else (self.config.use_cache if not self.training else False)
+
+        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict
+
+        if (input_ids is None) ^ (inputs_embeds is not None):  # ^ is python for xor
+            raise ValueError("You must specify exactly one of input_ids or inputs_embeds")
+
+        if inputs_embeds is None:
+            inputs_embeds = self.embeddings(input_ids)
+
+        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training and use_cache:
+            logger.warning_once(
+                "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`."
+            )
+            use_cache = False
+
+        # From zamba_modeling.py
+        if use_cache and cache_params is None:
+            logger.warning_once(
+                "NemotronH requires an initialized `NemotronHHybridDynamicCache` to return a cache. None was "
+                "provided, so no cache will be returned."
+            )
+
+        hidden_states = inputs_embeds
+
+        if cache_position is None:
+            cache_position = torch.arange(hidden_states.shape[1], device=hidden_states.device)
+        if position_ids is None:
+            position_ids = cache_position.unsqueeze(0)
+
+        causal_mask = self._update_causal_mask(attention_mask, inputs_embeds, cache_position)
+        mamba_mask = self._update_mamba_mask(attention_mask, cache_position)
+
+        all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
+        all_self_attns = () if output_attentions else None
+        # Until HERE
+
+        for layer_idx, mixer_block in enumerate(self.layers):
+            # Depending on the layer type we opt for 2D base attention mask (Mamba) or 4D causal mask (Attention)
+            if mixer_block.block_type == "mamba":
+                layer_mask = mamba_mask
+            elif mixer_block.block_type == "attention":
+                layer_mask = causal_mask
+            elif mixer_block.block_type == "mlp":
+                layer_mask = None
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Invalid block_type: {self.block_type}")
+
+            if output_hidden_states:
+                all_hidden_states += (hidden_states,)
+
+            if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
+                hidden_states = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
+                    mixer_block.__call__, hidden_states, cache_params, cache_position, layer_mask
+                )
+            else:
+                hidden_states = mixer_block(
+                    hidden_states,
+                    cache_params=cache_params,
+                    cache_position=cache_position,
+                    attention_mask=layer_mask,
+                )
+
+            # TODO: Store attentions
+            # if output_attentions:
+            #     if layer_outputs[1] is not None:
+            #         # append attentions only of attention layers. Mamba layers return `None` as the attention weights
+            #         all_self_attns += (layer_outputs[1],)
+
+            # TODO (Check): should it happen before the forward pass?
+            # if output_hidden_states:
+            #     all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)
+
+        hidden_states = self.norm_f(hidden_states)
+
+        if output_hidden_states:
+            all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)
+
+        if not return_dict:
+            return tuple(v for v in [hidden_states, cache_params, all_hidden_states] if v is not None)
+
+        return NemotronHOutput(
+            last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
+            cache_params=cache_params if use_cache else None,
+            hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
+            attentions=all_self_attns,
+        )
+
+    # Copied from transformers.models.jamba.modeling_jamba.JambaModel._update_causal_mask
+    def _update_causal_mask(self, attention_mask, input_tensor, cache_position):
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "flash_attention_2":
+            if attention_mask is not None and 0.0 in attention_mask:
+                return attention_mask
+            return None
+
+        dtype, device = input_tensor.dtype, input_tensor.device
+        min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+        sequence_length = input_tensor.shape[1]
+        target_length = cache_position[-1] + 1
+
+        causal_mask = torch.full((sequence_length, target_length), fill_value=min_dtype, dtype=dtype, device=device)
+        if sequence_length != 1:
+            causal_mask = torch.triu(causal_mask, diagonal=1)
+        causal_mask *= torch.arange(target_length, device=device) > cache_position.reshape(-1, 1)
+        causal_mask = causal_mask[None, None, :, :].expand(input_tensor.shape[0], 1, -1, -1)
+        if attention_mask is not None:
+            causal_mask = causal_mask.clone()  # copy to contiguous memory for in-place edit
+            if attention_mask.dim() == 2:
+                mask_length = attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                padding_mask = causal_mask[..., :mask_length].eq(0.0) * attention_mask[:, None, None, :].eq(0.0)
+                causal_mask[..., :mask_length] = causal_mask[..., :mask_length].masked_fill(padding_mask, min_dtype)
+
+        if (
+            self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa"
+            and attention_mask is not None
+            and attention_mask.device.type == "cuda"
+        ):
+            # Attend to all tokens in fully masked rows in the causal_mask, for example the relevant first rows when
+            # using left padding. This is required by F.scaled_dot_product_attention memory-efficient attention path.
+            # Details: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/110213
+            causal_mask = AttentionMaskConverter._unmask_unattended(causal_mask, min_dtype)
+
+        return causal_mask
+
+    def _update_mamba_mask(self, attention_mask, cache_position):
+        """
+        No need for zeroing states when
+            1. Cached forward
+            2. Attending to all inputs
+        """
+        mamba_mask = attention_mask
+        if cache_position[0] > 0 or (attention_mask is not None and torch.all(attention_mask == 1)):
+            mamba_mask = None
+        return mamba_mask
+
+
+@add_start_docstrings(
+    """
+    The NEMOTRONH Model transformer with a language modeling head on top (linear layer with weights not tied to the input
+    embeddings).
+    """,
+    NEMOTRONH_START_DOCSTRING,
+)
+class NemotronHForCausalLM(NemotronHPreTrainedModel, GenerationMixin):
+    _tied_weights_keys = ["lm_head.weight"]
+
+    def __init__(self, config):
+        super().__init__(config)
+        self.backbone = NemotronHModel(config)
+        self.vocab_size = config.vocab_size
+        self.lm_head = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.vocab_size, bias=False)
+
+        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
+        self.post_init()
+
+    def get_input_embeddings(self):
+        return self.backbone.get_input_embeddings()
+
+    def set_input_embeddings(self, new_embeddings):
+        return self.backbone.set_input_embeddings(new_embeddings)
+
+    def get_output_embeddings(self):
+        return self.lm_head
+
+    def set_output_embeddings(self, new_embeddings):
+        self.lm_head = new_embeddings
+
+    def get_decoder(self):
+        return self.model
+
+    def set_decoder(self, decoder):
+        self.model = decoder
+
+    def prepare_inputs_for_generation(
+        self,
+        input_ids,
+        past_key_values=None,
+        attention_mask=None,
+        inputs_embeds=None,
+        cache_position=None,
+        position_ids=None,
+        use_cache=True,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        # Copy from https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/src/transformers/models/jamba/modeling_jamba.py
+        # Overwitten -- uses `cache_params` as opposed to `past_key_values`
+        empty_past_kv = past_key_values is None
+
+        # If we have cache: let's slice `input_ids` through `cache_position`, to keep only the unprocessed tokens
+        # Exception 1: when passing input_embeds, input_ids may be missing entries
+        # Exception 2: some generation methods do special slicing of input_ids, so we don't need to do it here
+        # Exception 3: with synced GPUs cache_position may go out of bounds, but we only want dummy token in that case.
+        #              (we can't check exception 3 while compiling)
+        if not empty_past_kv:
+            if (
+                inputs_embeds is not None  # Exception 1
+                or cache_position[-1] >= input_ids.shape[1]  # Exception 3
+            ):
+                input_ids = input_ids[:, -cache_position.shape[0] :]
+            elif input_ids.shape[1] != cache_position.shape[0]:  # Default case (the "else", a no op, is Exception 2)
+                input_ids = input_ids[:, cache_position]
+        else:
+            past_key_values = HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache(
+                self.config, input_ids.shape[0], self.dtype, device=self.device
+            )
+
+        if attention_mask is not None and position_ids is None:
+            # create position_ids on the fly for batch generation
+            position_ids = attention_mask.long().cumsum(-1) - 1
+            position_ids.masked_fill_(attention_mask == 0, 1)
+            if not empty_past_kv:
+                position_ids = position_ids[:, -input_ids.shape[1] :]
+
+        # if `inputs_embeds` are passed, we only want to use them in the 1st generation step
+        if inputs_embeds is not None and empty_past_kv:
+            # TODO(pjin): workaround fix for properly extending inputs_embeds;
+            # longer term, may be better handled elsewhere in .generate().
+            if input_ids is not None and inputs_embeds.shape[1] < input_ids.shape[1]:
+                new_token_embeds = self.get_input_embeddings()(input_ids[:,inputs_embeds.shape[1]:])
+                inputs_embeds = torch.cat([inputs_embeds, new_token_embeds], dim=1)
+            model_inputs = {"inputs_embeds": inputs_embeds}
+        else:
+            model_inputs = {"input_ids": input_ids.contiguous()}  # `contiguous()` needed for compilation use cases
+
+        model_inputs.update(
+            {
+                "position_ids": position_ids,
+                "past_key_values": past_key_values,
+                "use_cache": use_cache,
+                "attention_mask": attention_mask,
+                "logits_to_keep": self.config.num_logits_to_keep,
+                "cache_position": cache_position,
+            }
+        )
+        return model_inputs
+
+    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(NEMOTRONH_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
+    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
+        checkpoint=_CHECKPOINT_FOR_DOC,
+        output_type=NemotronHCausalLMOutput,
+        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
+    )
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        cache_params: Optional[HybridMambaAttentionDynamicCache] = None,
+        labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
+        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
+        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        **kwargs,  # for now we need this for generation
+    ) -> Union[Tuple, NemotronHCausalLMOutput]:
+        r"""
+        labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
+            Labels for language modeling. Note that the labels **are shifted** inside the model, i.e. you can set
+            `labels = input_ids` Indices are selected in `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]` All labels set to `-100`
+            are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`
+        """
+        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
+
+        output_hidden_states = (
+            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
+        )
+        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict
+
+        nemotron_h_outputs = self.backbone(
+            input_ids,
+            cache_params=cache_params,
+            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
+            output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
+            return_dict=return_dict,
+            use_cache=use_cache,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
+            attention_mask=attention_mask,
+        )
+        hidden_states = nemotron_h_outputs[0]
+
+        # TODO: Check zamba_modeling.py: https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/d7188ba600e36d3fd191b12e19f1b3bb81a8404f/src/transformers/models/zamba/modeling_zamba.py#L1284C1-L1286C2
+        #logits = self.lm_head(hidden_states.to(self.lm_head.weight.dtype)).float()
+        logits = self.lm_head(hidden_states.to(self.lm_head.weight.dtype)).float()
+
+        loss = None
+        if labels is not None:
+            # move labels to correct device to enable model parallelism
+            labels = labels.to(logits.device)
+            # Shift so that tokens < n predict n
+            shift_logits = logits[..., :-1, :].contiguous()
+            shift_labels = labels[..., 1:].contiguous()
+            # Flatten the tokens
+            loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss()
+            loss = loss_fct(shift_logits.view(-1, shift_logits.size(-1)), shift_labels.view(-1))
+
+        if not return_dict:
+            output = (logits,) + nemotron_h_outputs[1:]
+            return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output
+
+        return NemotronHCausalLMOutput(
+            loss=loss,
+            logits=logits,
+            cache_params=nemotron_h_outputs.cache_params,
+            hidden_states=nemotron_h_outputs.hidden_states,
+            attentions=nemotron_h_outputs.attentions,
+        )